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''Apis mellifera'', the European honey bee, has many subspecies. ==Subspecies originating in Europe== * ''Apis mellifera ligustica'', classified by Spinola, 1806 - the Italian bee. The most commonly kept race in North America, South America and southern Europe. They are kept commercially all over the world. They are very gentle, not very likely to swarm, and produce a large surplus of honey. They have few undesirable characteristics. Colonies tend to maintain larger populations through winter, so they require more winter stores (or feeding) than other temperate zone subspecies. The Italian bee is light colored and mostly leather colored, but some strains are golden. * ''Apis mellifera carnica'', classified by Pollmann, 1879 - Carniola region of Slovenia, the Eastern Alps, and northern Balkans - better known as the Carniolan honey bee - popular with beekeepers due to its extreme gentleness. The Carniolan tends to be quite dark in color, and the colonies are known to shrink to small populations over winter, and build very quickly in spring. It is a mountain bee in its native range, and is a good bee for colder climates. * ''Apis mellifera caucasia'' (often misspelled as "caucasica"), classified by Pollmann, 1889 - Caucasus Mountains - This sub-species is regarded as being very gentle and fairly industrious. Some strains are excessive propolizers. It is a large honeybee of medium, sometimes grayish color. *''Apis mellifera remipes'', classified by Gerstäcker, 1862 ("armeniaca" is a junior synonym) - Caucasus, Iran, Caspian Sea. * ''Apis mellifera mellifera'', classified by Linnaeus, 1758 - the dark bee of northern Europe also called the German honey bee - domesticated in modern times, and taken to North America in colonial times. These small, dark-colored bees are sometimes called the German black bee. The hybrid populations of ''A. m. mellifera'' x ''A. m. ligustica'', found in North America and Western Europe, have the reputation of stinging people (and other creatures) for no good reason. The near-extinct "pure" ''A. m. mellifera'' is not considered randomly aggressive. * ''Apis mellifera iberiensis'' (often misspelled as "iberica"), classified by Engel, 1999 - the bee from the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal) * ''Apis mellifera cecropia'', classified by Kiesenwetter, 1860 - Southern Greece * ''Apis mellifera adami'', classified by Ruttner, 1975 - Crete * ''Apis mellifera cypria'', classified by Pollmann, 1879 - The island of Cyprus - This sub-species has the reputation of being very fierce compared to the Italian sub-species, from which it is isolated by the Mediterranean Sea * ''Apis mellifera ruttneri'', classified by Sheppard, Arias, Grech & Meixner in 1997- is a sub-species originating in the Maltese islands. * ''Apis mellifera siciliana'', classified by Grassi, 1881 ("sicula" is a junior synonym) - from the Trapani province and the island of Ustica of western Sicily (Italia) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Apis mellifera subspecies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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